What are the main uses of rubidium carbonate_Industrial additives

What are the main uses of rubidium carbonate^【1】

Rubidium carbonate] Molecular weight 230.94. Five-color crystalline solid. Easy to deliquesce. Melting point 837^.C. 740^.C begins to decompose, 900~ 0 Decomposes obviously. Easily soluble in dry water. Carbon dioxide can be introduced into the filtrate obtained by the reaction of rubidium sulfate and barium hydroxide, or rubidium oxalate can be obtained by first reacting rubidium nitrate with excess oxalic acid, and then calcined to remove insoluble impurities. .Used to make special glass.

What is the chemical composition of rubidium carbonate?

What are the main uses of rubidium carbonate

Sodium bicarbonate is used as a reagent and as a raw material in the chemical industry and glass industry.

What are the main uses of rubidium carbonate and its physical and chemical properties^[2]

White powder, highly deliquescent and highly alkaline. Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.

What are the main symptoms of rubidium carbonate^【2】

Because it is a strongly alkaline substance, the local irritation and corrosion effects of its powder or solution should be fully considered. Therefore, there is a high possibility of upper respiratory tract inflammation, contact dermatitis, and conjunctivitis caused by inhalation.

What is the main use of rubidium carbonate in first aid

If rubidium carbonate is inhaled, please move the patient to fresh air; if the skin comes into contact, take off contaminated clothing, wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water, and seek medical treatment if you feel uncomfortable; if the eyes come into contact, seek medical attention. Separate eyelids, rinse with running water or saline, and seek medical attention immediately; if ingested, rinse mouth immediately, do not induce vomiting, and seek medical attention immediately. Move the patient to a safe place and consult a doctor. If conditions permit, please show this chemical safety data sheet to the on-site doctor.

What are the main uses of rubidium carbonate?

In case of leakage, if there is a small leakage, collect the leaked liquid in a sealable container as much as possible, absorb it with sand, activated carbon or other inert materials, and transfer it to a safe place. It is prohibited to flush it into the sewer; if there is a large leakage, build a dike Or dig a pit to contain it, seal the drainage pipe, cover it with foam to inhibit evaporation, use an explosion-proof pump to transfer it to a tanker or a special collector, and recycle or transport it to a waste treatment site for disposal.

What is the main use of rubidium carbonate in metabolism^【3】

1.. Rubidium content of human body. Rubidium content of soft tissue. Daily intake from food and liquids: 0.68g0.47g2.2rug

2. Metabolic model

(a) Absorbed into blood

Some experiments on humans show that rubidium is almost completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract

(b) Inhalation classification

Pulmonary motility: Some compounds of rubidium are designated as Category D for inhalation. In the absence of any relevant experimental data, this report adopts this method

(c) Distribution and retention

With the exception of inorganic bone, rubidium, like potassium, is approximately evenly distributed in all organs and tissues of the human body. In inorganic bone, the concentration of rubidium is five times that of the whole body. Systemic retention of rubidium can be described reasonably well by a single exponential function, although a small amount of rapid clearance has been observed. The biological half-life of a normal person varies between 32 days and 57 days, with an average of 44 days.

In this report, it is assumed that 0.25% of the rubidium leaving the transfer compartment translocates to the bone. The remaining share of rubidium leaving the transfer compartment is assumed to be evenly distributed among all other organs and tissues in the body. It is assumed that the biological half-life of rubidium P244d translocated into any organ and tissue of the human body, including bones, remains there.

(d) Metabolic characteristics of daughter

70Rb decays into Kr with a radioactive half-life of 35 hours. XRb decays into SlKr with a radioactive half-life of 2.1X10Sy. For radiation protection purposes, it is assumed that ?gKr and . ‘Kr is excreted from the body without decay. Rb decays into SSmKr with a radioactive half-life of 114rain. Assume that 0.2 of the samKr produced decays at its place of origin, and the other 0.883 = Kr is excreted from the body without decay.

What is the main use of rubidium carbonate? ^【4】

1. Traditional method: Carbon dioxide can be passed into the filtrate obtained by the reaction of rubidium sulfate and barium hydroxide, or rubidium oxalate can be obtained by reacting rubidium nitrate with excess oxalic acid, and then calcined to remove insoluble impurities.

2. Improved method: A method for preparing high-purity cesium carbonate and high-purity rubidium carbonate. According to the content of rubidium and cesium in the mixed alum, most of the potassium in the mixed alum is removed through recrystallization, so that the mixed alum reaches It is suitable to use the indicators of extraction and separation, then extract and separate, make full use of the advantages of recrystallization and extraction and separation, overcome their respective shortcomings, organically combine the two, and use the fastest and most economical method to prepare high-purity cesium carbonate and rubidium carbonate. Recrystallization and extraction methods are used to prepare high-priced high-purity cesium carbonate and high-purity rubidium carbonate using low-priced mixed vitriol as raw materials, which saves costs and protects resources.

Steps:

(1) Recondensation product separated potassium: containing cesium and rubidium mixed vitriol is composed of aluminum cesium vitriol, aluminum rubidium vitriol, and aluminum potassium vitriol. Its composition is in the following range: cesium oxide 0.1% to 0.5%, rubidium oxide 0.5%-2.5%, potassium oxide 8.6%–7.2%, through recrystallization method to separate and remove most of the aluminum potash vitriol, to obtain the aluminum vitriol to be removed, the aluminum vitriol to be removed is composed of cesium oxide: 1%–1.5% , Rubidium oxide: 5.0%-7.0%, Potassium oxide: 5.8%-4.5%;

Recrystallization��Follow the following steps:

(a). Dissolution and filtration. Add the mixed alum and water into the reaction kettle at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2-1:5, heat until the alum is completely dissolved, and filter to remove insoluble impurities to obtain filtrate al;

(b). Freeze and filter. Pour al into the freezing kettle and freeze to 15C-25’C. The cooling temperature is determined according to the concentration of cesium oxide and rubidium oxide in the mother liquor. Filter the separated mixed alum b1 and filtrate bl. , mixed alum bl is the raw material for the next recrystallization;

(c). This freezing kettle can be designed with two sets of coils. One set uses the freezing liquid of the refrigeration system, and the other uses the filtrate in step c as the freezing liquid; continue freezing and freeze the filtrate bl to -10C-0′ C. Filter to obtain aluminum potassium alum (also known as potassium alum) and filtrate c1; the filtrate C1 can be used as the freezing liquid in step (b) after being passed through the coil, and then returned to step (a) for repeated use; use the alum obtained in step b as raw material Repeat steps (a), (b), and (c), and determine the number of repetitions according to the composition of the mixed alum being processed. Repeat 1-3 times to obtain the alum to be removed, whose composition range is: cesium oxide: 1%- –1.5%, rubidium oxide: 5.0%-7.0%, potassium oxide; 5.8%–4.5%, the mass of alum to be removed is 1/15-1/3 of the mass of mixed alum before treatment;

(2) To remove aluminum, add the alum and water to be removed obtained in the previous step into the reaction kettle at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:3-1:9. Boil the water first and then add the alum, and continue to heat and boil the liquid. , while stirring, slowly add lime milk prepared from food-grade calcium hydroxide and pure water to the boiling solution, adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.5–8.5; filter with a filter press to obtain cesium sulfate and rubidium sulfate. , potassium sulfate mixed liquid, this mixed liquid is the material liquid extracted and separated;

(3) Extract and separate cesium. The mixed liquid obtained in the previous step is used as the feed liquid. Use t-BAMBP as the extractant, sulfonated kerosene and diethylbenzene as the diluent to extract and separate cesium. Use liquid caustic soda to saponify the organic matter. The rate is 30%-80%, and liquid alkali is fed into the feed stage at the same time to control the pH value of the feed stage to be 12-13, the ratio is 3:1-1:2, and the flow ratio is 20:1-5:1; High-purity oxalic acid is dissolved in high-purity water to make stripping acid. The stripping liquid mainly contains cesium oxalate. The total number of extraction, washing, and stripping levels is controlled at 30-300 levels;

(4) Extract and separate rubidium. The raffinate obtained in the previous step is used as the feed liquid. Use t-BAMBP as the extractant, sulfonated kerosene and xylene as the diluent to extract and separate the rubidium. Use liquid alkali to saponify the organic matter. The saponification rate It is 30%–80%, and liquid alkali is fed into the feed stage at the same time to control the pH value of the feed stage to be 12-13, the ratio is 3:1-1:2, and the flow ratio is 20:1-5:1; High-purity oxalic acid is dissolved in high-purity water to make stripping acid, which is stripped with stripping acid. The stripping liquid mainly contains rubidium oxalate; the total number of extraction, washing, and stripping levels is generally 20 to 200;

(5), cesium oxalate and rubidium oxalate crystallization, put the cesium oxalate and rubidium oxalate obtained by the above stripping into the cesium oxalate and rubidium oxalate crystallization equipment for crystallization respectively. By controlling the crystallization conditions, crystals with smaller particles can be obtained. Centrifuge and separate to obtain cesium oxalate and rubidium oxalate solids respectively;

(6) Calcination, place the cesium oxalate and rubidium oxalate in the previous step for calcination in the cesium oxalate and rubidium oxalate calcination equipment. By controlling the calcination conditions, high-purity cesium carbonate and high-purity rubidium carbonate powder can be obtained respectively.

References

[1] Editor-in-Chief Gu Yidong, Chemical Dictionary, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1st edition, September 1989, page 1030

[2] (Japan) Shunfuji, Masayuki Ikeda, Ichiro Hara, Handbook on Industrial Poisoning, Volume 1, Supplementary Edition, People’s Medical Publishing House, February 1983, 1st Edition, Page 140 Hydroxypyridine

[3]Dong Liucan, International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication No. 30 Part 2 Radionuclide Intake Limits for Workers, Atomic Energy Press, 1st Edition, October 1984

[4]Ling Zhuangkun; [F] Chinese patent: CN104016384A.2014-09-03