Properties and uses of ethylene glycol_Industrial additives

Ethylene glycol filling model Ethylene glycol is also known as “glycol” and “1,2-ethylene glycol”, or EG for short. The chemical formula is (HOCH2), which is the simplest glycol. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet liquid that is toxic to animals. The lethal dose for humans is about 1.6 g/kg. Ethylene glycol is miscible with water and acetone, but its solubility in ethers is small. Used as solvent, antifreeze and raw material for synthetic polyester. Polyethylene glycol (PBG), a polymer of ethylene glycol, is a phase transfer catalyst also used in cell fusion; its nitrate ester is an explosive.

Chinese name: Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol ball and stick model EINECS registration number 203- 473-3

English name Ethyl ene glycol, Mono ethylene glycol, MEC, BG.

English alias glycol, 1, 2-ethanedi ol.

Alias: glycol

Molecular formula: C2H602;

Structural formula: H0CH2CH20H

Molecular weight: 62.07

Melting point: -13. 2C

Boiling point: 197. 85C

Density: Relative density (water=1)1.1155(20C); Relative density (air=1)2.14.

Appearance and properties: colorless, odorless, sweet, viscous liquid

Vapor pressure: 6.21kPa/20C.

Flash point: 111. 1C

Viscosity: 25. 66mPa. s(16C)

Solubility: Miscible with water/ethanol/acetone/glyceryl acetate, pyridine, etc., slightly soluble in ether, etc., insoluble in petroleum hydrocarbons and oils. Can understand zinc chloride/sodium chloride/potassium carbonate/potassium chloride/ Inorganic substances such as potassium iodide/potassium hydroxide.

Surface tension: 46.49 mN/m (20C)

Stability: Stable

Rising point: 118C.

Chemical properties: Due to its low molecular weight and active properties, it can undergo esterification/etherification/alcoholization/oxidation/acetal/dehydration and other reactions. It is mainly used to make polyester polyester, polyester resin, hygroscopic agent, etc. Plasticizers, surfactants, synthetic fibers, cosmetics and explosives, and used as solvents for dyes/inks, antifreeze for engines, and gas dehydrants.

Health Hazards

Toxicity: Rat oral LD50=5. 8ml/kg, mouse oral LD50=1. 31-13.8ml/kg.

Routes of invasion: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption.

Health hazards: There are no reports of acute or chronic poisoning by this product in China. Acute poisoning abroad is mostly due to false alarms. Inhalation poisoning manifests as recurrent syncope, nystagmus, and lymphocytosis. Acute poisoning after oral administration is divided into three stages: the first stage is mainly about central nervous system symptoms, which in mild cases resemble ethanol poisoning, and in severe cases, rapid coma, convulsions, and death; in the second stage, cardiopulmonary symptoms are obvious, and severe cases may have pulmonary edema. , bronchopneumonia, heart failure; the third stage mainly manifests as varying degrees of renal failure. The estimated lethal dose of this product in humans after one oral administration is 1.4ml/kg (1.56g/kg).

First aid measures

Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of running water. Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation: Leave the scene quickly to fresh air. Keep your airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water and induce vomiting. Gastric lavage, diuresis. Seek medical attention.

Toxicity to pets:

Ethylene glycol can be obtained from motorcycle antifreeze. The ethylene glycol in motorcycle antifreeze has a small amount due to the addition of bittering agents. Therefore there is no threat to humans. However, if it is accidentally mixed with the food of pets (cats, dogs), it can cause poisoning in pets and cause kidney failure.

Toxicological information and environmental behavior

Antistatic agent Irgastat P18

Toxicity: It is of low toxicity.

Acute toxicity: LD508.0~15.3g/kg (oral administration to mice); 5. 9~13.4g/kg (oral administration to rats); 1. 4ml/kg (oral administration to humans, lethal)

Subacute and chronic toxicity: rats inhaled 12mg/m3 (several times) after eight days, 2/15 animals had corneal opacity and blindness; humans inhaled 40% ethylene glycol

9/28 people suffered temporary fainting from the mixture; 14/38 people had nystagmus and 5/38 people had nystagmus after inhaling a 40% ethylene glycol mixture heated to 105°C.

Dangerous characteristics of silica: When exposed to open flames, high heat or contact with oxidants, there is a risk of combustion and explosion. If exposed to high heat, the internal pressure of the container will increase and there is a risk of cracking and explosion.

Combustion (decomposition) products: -Carbon oxide, carbon dioxide, water.

Laboratory monitoring methods

Magenta Sulfite Method “Method for Determination of Hazardous Substances in the Air of Chemical Enterprises”, Chemical Industry Press

Chromotropic acid method “Method for determination of harmful substances in the air of chemical enterprises”, Chemical Industry Press

Environmental standards

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in workshop air is 5 mg/cubic meter

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful organic matter in water is 1. 0mg/L

Olfactory threshold concentration 90mg/m3

The main uses of ethylene glycol: Ethylene glycol is a raw material for the production of polyester resin, alkyd resin, and polyester fiber. It is also used as automobile antifreeze and aircraft engine refrigerant. In 1980, the United States used it for antifreeze The amount of ethylene glycol consumed is equal to that used in the production of polyester. In addition, Chemicalbook polymer compounds such as polyester fiber can also be synthesized. The combined use of ethylene glycol dinitrate and nitroglycerin can lower the freezing point of explosives. Ethylene glycol can also be used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and plastics and as a high-boiling point solvent. Industrially, ethylene is used as raw material, which is first converted into ethylene oxide and then hydrolyzed to produce ethylene glycol.