Classification of 5′-Nucleotide Phospholases_Industrial Additives

Background and overview^[1-2]

5′-Nucleotide phospholase not only has hydrolase activity, but also has important non-hydrolase activity, such as in cell growth and development, movement, fibrin synthesis, neurotransmission, potassium hydroxide extraction, epidermal or Endothelial barrier function, lymphocyte adhesion, recycling, and immune response all play important roles. The role of 5′-nucleotide phospholase in the occurrence and development of ischemic heart disease, ischemic kidney disease, leukemia, tumors and other diseases has attracted more and more attention.

Category^[1]

5′-Nucleotide phospholases are widely distributed in bacteria, plant cells and vertebrate tissues. So far, a variety of 5′-nucleotide phospholases have been discovered in mammals, which can be divided into the following six forms based on their cellular location, substrates and biochemical characteristics: ① Extracellular-5′-nuclear Ecto-5’nucleotidase (e-N), a membrane-bound 5′-nucleotidase, is a glycoprotein anchored to the plasma membrane through glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI). . With the development of a monoclonal antibody against extracellular-5′-nucleotide phosphatase on the surface of human lymphocytes, the extracellular-5′-nucleotide phospholase was named CD73. ② Cytoplasmic-5′-nucleotidase type I (cytoplasmic-5′-nucleotidase-I, e-N-I) has high affinity with AMP in the cytoplasm. It is more common in skeletal muscles and cardiac muscle, participating in muscle contraction, and is also found in the brain. ③ Cytoplasmic-5′-nucleotidase type II (cytoplasmic-5′-nucleotidase-Ⅱ, e-N-Ⅱ) has high affinity with IMP and GMP in the cytoplasm and is widely distributed in the body . ④ Cytosolic-5′(3′) deoxyribonucleotide enzyme (dNT-1) ⑤ Mitochondrial-5′(3′) deoxyribonucleotide enzyme (dNT-2). ⑥PN-I, a newly discovered pyrimidine nucleotidase, only exists in red blood cells. The deficiency of this enzyme is related to hemolytic anemia.