The role and application of sodium bicarbonate_industrial additives

The role and application of sodium bicarbonate [Background and overview]

Sodium bicarbonate is a white crystal powder. Odorless, salty taste, strong water solubility. Easy to hydrolyze, the solution is weakly alkaline, unstable under heating conditions, easy to decompose, and will decompose slowly in humid air. Its preparation is usually suitable for alkalizing urine. Bicarbonate ions increase the pH value of urine. Substances such as uric acid, sulfonamide drug metabolites and hemoglobin are not easy to precipitate and crystallize in urine to avoid causing nephrotoxicity; sodium bicarbonate It is also used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis to increase the concentration of carbonate ions in plasma and neutralize hydrogen ions, thereby correcting acidosis. Oral sodium bicarbonate can also quickly neutralize gastric acid without affecting the normal secretion of gastric acid, rapidly increasing the pH value in the stomach and relieving adverse symptoms caused by hyperacidity. After years of research, the clinical application of sodium bicarbonate has expanded to many aspects, such as the nursing effect on the respiratory system and the prevention of adverse reactions in the digestive system. The use of sodium bicarbonate can reduce adverse reactions caused by drugs during treatment, help improve the condition, and shorten the course of treatment. The most basic clinical application of sodium bicarbonate is to neutralize acidic environments. Secondly, it is mostly used in oral care. The liquid acts directly on the affected area, has fast onset and good analgesic effect, has no adverse reactions, is low cost, and is easy to operate. It can be promoted and used clinically. Sodium bicarbonate solution also has a controlling effect on adverse reactions within the treatment range, can prevent the occurrence of disease complications, effectively shorten the treatment cycle, and speed up the recovery of patients.

Sodium bicarbonate solution is alkaline and can effectively remove acidic metabolic waste from the body, inhibit fungal growth and relieve pain. The application of sodium bicarbonate in the field of major diseases such as cancer. Although the objective response rate cannot fully represent the recovery rate or efficiency, and the therapeutic effect on a specific cancer is also limited, there are new clinical applications of sodium bicarbonate. The discovery is an inspiration and demonstrates the potential of sodium bicarbonate in emerging areas beyond its original therapeutic aspects that remain to be explored. At the same time, the dosage of sodium bicarbonate needs to be carefully controlled. Excessive dosage may cause tissue hypoxia, severe acidosis of the central nervous system, and may also increase plasma osmotic pressure and cause other diseases. Therefore, different concentrations and dosage forms of sodium bicarbonate are used for different diseases according to different indications, so as to obtain more accurate clinical efficacy, and we look forward to more new discoveries about the clinical application of sodium bicarbonate.

The functions and applications of sodium bicarbonate [pharmacological effects]

1. Treat metabolic acidosis. This product increases the concentration of carbonate in the plasma and neutralizes hydrogen ions, thereby correcting acidosis; 2. Alkalinizes the urine. Due to the increase in the concentration of carbonate in the urine, the pH value Elevates, making uric acid, sulfa drugs and hemoglobin less likely to form crystals or aggregate in urine; 3. Acidification, oral administration can quickly neutralize or buffer gastric acid without directly affecting gastric acid secretion. As a result, the pH in the stomach rises rapidly and relieves symptoms caused by high gastric acid

The role and application of sodium bicarbonate [Pharmacokinetics

This product directly enters the blood circulation after intravenous infusion. Sodium bicarbonate in the blood is filtered by the glomerulus and excreted in the urine. Part of the bicarbonate ions combine with hydrogen ions in urine to form carbonic acid, which is then broken down into carbon dioxide and water. The former can diffuse into renal tubular cells, combine with intracellular water to generate carbonic acid, and the dissociated bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed into the blood circulation. Bicarbonate ions in the blood combine with hydrogen ions in the blood to form carbonic acid, which is then decomposed into carbon dioxide and water. The former is exhaled through the lungs.

The role and application of sodium bicarbonate [Indications

1) Treatment of metabolic acidosis. To treat mild to moderate metabolic acidosis, oral administration is appropriate. Intravenous infusion should be used for severe metabolic acidosis, such as severe kidney disease, circulatory failure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extracorporeal circulation, severe primary lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, etc.

2) Alkalinize urine. It is used to prevent uric acid kidney stones, reduce the nephrotoxicity of sulfa drugs, and prevent hemoglobin deposition in renal tubules during acute hemolysis.

3) As an antacid, it can treat symptoms caused by excessive gastric acidity.

4) Intravenous drip has a non-specific therapeutic effect on certain drug poisonings, such as barbiturates, salicylic acid drugs and methanol poisoning. However, this product is contraindicated for gastric lavage when swallowing strong acidosis, because this product reacts with strong acid to produce a large amount of carbon dioxide, leading to acute gastric dilatation or even gastric rupture.

The functions and applications of sodium bicarbonate [Specifications]

Injection: 250ml: 12.5g; tablet: 0.5g*100 tablets (Andin)

The functions and applications of sodium bicarbonate [usage and dosage]

Metabolic acidosis, intravenous infusion, the required dose is calculated according to the following formula: alkali supplementation amount (mmol) = (-2.3-actually measured BE value) × 0.25 × body weight (kg), or alkali supplementation amount (mmol) = normal CO₂CP – actual measured CO₂CP (mmol) × 0.25 × body weight (kg). Unless bicarbonate is lost in the body, 1/3 to 1/2 of the calculated dose is generally given first, and the infusion is completed within 4 to 8 hours. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the first 1 mmoIt is an outbreak suppressant in chemicals, is a component of oil drilling fluids in ceramics, rubber, and plastics, and is widely used in pest control, and in the paper and pulp industries. Specifically, sodium bicarbonate has been used for many years as a leavening agent in prepared foods. “Lefting” relies on the carbon dioxide released by sodium bicarbonate. This phenomenon usually occurs through one of two mechanisms. The first mechanism is a reaction between naturally produced ingredients or additionally added acid and sodium bicarbonate. Through this mechanism, sodium bicarbonate can be used as a “baking powder” formed from a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and acidic ingredients such as phosphoric acid or tartar. The second mechanism is the thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate is broken down during the food preparation process, but the sodium ions contained in sodium bicarbonate remain in the food. It is now known that excessive sodium content in food is a major cause of high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for stroke. Therefore, government agencies are promoting programs to reduce sodium intake in order to improve people’s health. The most significant source of sodium intake is table salt (sodium chloride), which is often used in excess when seasoning food. Another source of sodium intake includes foods prepared using sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent. Especially for people who consume a large amount of cakes, biscuits and other baked snacks, the latter is the main source of intake.

The functions and applications of sodium bicarbonate [Main reference materials]

[1] Sarah Gunter; Stephen John Minter; Edna Elaine Best; Warren L. Nemer. Sodium bicarbonate products. CN201380010263.4, filing date 2013- 02-20

[2] Song Jinchun1, Long Xingying. Research progress on clinical application of sodium bicarbonate. Medical Review, August 2018, Volume 24, Issue 15.

[3] Sodium bicarbonate injection instructions